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Joseph LeDoux's webpage: http://www.cns.nyu.edu/home/ledoux

Recognizing fear: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4102981.stm

Recognizing fear by a person who is blind: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4090155.stm
April 13, 2006

Good Morning,

Fear is real, anxiety is real and contains the requite substrates and underpinnings in the brain to "sit up and take notice".

Fear can take many forms and be recognizable sometimes by only well trained teachers in the area. If you are working with special needs children, and they cannot explain what is bothering them, take time to look at their expressions, the tenseness in their body and the perspiration on their skin.

Fear is not nice. Not needed in a domestic class on academic materials. Working through fear is not easy and is non adaptable and similar to incorrect learning. The teacher can control the environment in the classroom or learning situation, if they are skilled and professional.

Rob
Hi Smile ,
A major issue, is the development of fear and anxiety in the classroom?
Where students develop an association between certain subjects and fear/ anxiety?
Which is often caused by teachers?
With students being accused of being lazy, not trying hard enough, or just plain stupid, by teachers? Followed by class mates?
Which reflects the general lack of understanding of developmental differences.
Yet it also ignores the fact that making mistakes is fundamental to learning.
Too often, children endure public humiliation for making mistakes in class, rather than being encouraged to learn from them.

Though of perhaps greater consequence, is the way that anxiety/fear disrupts Working Memory?
Where given the average 'Digit Span' of [7+2/-2] in working memory.
Anxiety/fear can intrude and occupy some Digits, which disrupts, disconnects a line thought in the working memory.
Which as a result, just makes learning even more difficult.
So that instead of feeling confident about learning from making a mistake?
A feeling of anxiety becomes the focus of attention, as one fears making the mistake again?
Which inevitably results in the mistake being made again, due to the distraction. Which just reinforces the anxiety?
Their is growing body of research into this, in terms of maths acquisition. Where it now comes under the definition of Maths Phobia.

Though added to this, is that when a child starts to develop a fear/ anxiety in relation to maths/ literacy. Given that these are used daily in schooling for all of the years of schooling. The fear is built upon daily for many years!
Where I would also mention that I recently heard a lecture on PTSS, Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome, where the pre-conditions for such a syndrome are parallel to what many children experience in schooling.

Though it is not just teachers that contribute to this, but equally parents.
Whilst I might seem to be condemning teachers and parents, what I'm really wanting to highlight, is the need for greater understanding of the processes of developmental learning.
Where I can fully understand teachers and parents frustration, when a child seems to be 'refusing to learn'? Afterall, they have no other explanation?
So what is really needed, as an explanation that helps them to understand?
Geoff.Smile
April 17, 2006

Good Morning,

Fear is not healthy for the human. It does take it's toll. Found on the internet and you can view it too by using the following hyperlink that will take you to the Dana Foundation. FEAR......http://www.dana.org/pdf/cerebrum/art_0603pfaff.pdf
Rob
Picking up on Geoff's comments reguarding mistakes... There are some very interesting cross-cultural differences here.

See Stigler and Stevensons' "How Asian teachers polish each lesson to perfection," which can be retrived from the following url:

http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:Gv4y...=clnk&cd=1

Best wishes,
Christina